ToyoTruck Saga Continues

Earlier, I posted about a new arrival to the fleet (a 2006 Toyota Tacoma XRunner) and the smash into a post that followed. Today's post is the next step in that saga. 

 

Where Were We

front assembled

We got a $5k repair estimate, but insurance wouldn't pay (because the agent screwed up). So, I ordered the parts, and set about doing the work myself. With supply issues, it took an incredible amount of time for everything to arrive and the largest part, the hood, arrived with a big dent in it. I successfully replaced the fender, the 6-piece bumper and the fender liner. The radio antenna was so corroded, it could not be removed, so I had to replace it as well. The hood scoop was also degraded, so I ordered another one of those. I ended the post while waiting for supply chains to support a new hood, as well as deliver the replacement passenger-side flare and the hood scoop.

Hood Gets Hammered

I decided I could no longer wait for parts while the new truck occupied my best work bay (read: prevented me from working on Hapy). Besides, there was no way to know how long it would be before a new dent-free hood would be available again. So, I decided that I would do my best to get the old hood straight enough to fit without putting pressure on the new fender nor passenger front headlight. I started with my angle grinder, removing the remaining paint from the dented area. The leading edge of the hood had been crumpled under, against a lateral bulge that rests just rearward of that edge, along the underside of the hood (see the picture on the right). Since the lip was forced against that bulge, I was unable to get a tool between the two.

the damage from the underside

I started with the stud welder and a slide hammer kit I got from Harbor Freight when I started working on Zed (1978 280ZX). With the 2mm tip and studs, I was able to slowly move the leading edge of the hood away from the lateral bulge. After about 30 minutes, and a dozen studs, the edge had pulled back far enough for me to fit a dull chisel against the leading edge. By moving the chisel up and down the lip, giving it a few smacks every few millimeters, I was able to further shift the edge away.

Once the edge had been moved about a finger-width from the bulge, I started shifting from the hammer/chisel on the lip to the stud welder / slide hammer on the top of the hood and back. My hope was that I could get some of the original hood contour back while I got the edge pulled. I spent about 90 minutes in total before I felt that it was close enough to set on the truck to see how close I was getting.

Old Hood Finish Up

time to try fitting

I was satisfied enough with the hammer work to move the windshield washer hoses and the seal. I figured that if I was as close as I'd hoped, I wouldn't want to remove the hood simply to put these bits on it. Like so many things, the first time always takes longer than any subsequent attempt. I had the bits moved in minutes. The hood set quickly as well. Some cars have a great deal of adjust-ability when the hood is mounted, but this truck does not. Yes, there is some, but not more than an inch left-to-right at the front edge. I did not need much to get the hood evenly spaced between the fenders, though.

Similar to the hood removal, I set the front of the hood on my old plastic tool box so I could get to the hinge bolts. Before I slammed the hood down, I checked the height between the headlight and the hood edge on both the driver and passenger sides to make sure I wouldn't break the light housing. I found that I had over compensated with my hammering, but only by 1 or 2mm. I started a recurring cycle of identifying where the gap was, opening the hood, adjusting, and re-closing the hood. After 4 or 5 of these cycles, I was satisfied that it was good enough for now.

finished enough

The stud-welder took it's toll on the hood, however. Some of the studs were welded on so well, that my efforts with the slide hammer resulted in a small hole in the hood. I own that, though: I believe that I held the trigger a touch too long on those studs, setting too strong of a weld. Some of the other studs would not come off no matter how hard I hammered them. I ultimately had to cut them off, but there were bits left behind. So, I pulled out the angle grinder again, and ground the dent-damaged areas of the hood smooth to the touch. I shot the polished metal with some rattle-can automotive primer and then some basic black Rustoleum. The final-for-now product is pictured on the right. That passenger flare will be installed when it arrives. I haven't decided about the scoop insert.

Weeks Later, It's Done

At this point, I felt done enough with this project. Yes, some part of what I put together will need to come back apart for painting and when the passenger side wheel flare arrives, I will attach it. One day, I hope to have a better hood, and when that day comes I need to install the scoop insert as well. Since I would like to have the whole truck painted, I may take it to Beaverton Auto Body and have them do it. We already have a somewhat dated estimate, but at least we know what ballpark they are in. Of course, with inflation these days plus all the extra parts expenses I incurred, a re-shoot could be prohibitively expensive. Expensive enough to bring that work right back to my driveway to be shot in my home-made "booth" later. Oddly enough, the extra parts (scoop insert, p-side flare, and antenna) plus a second and future $500 hood still will still be less in parts than the Beaverton Auto Parts bid. And that number includes a hood I can't use, and I have not tried to sell off any parts I got and did not actually need.

That's it for today. I will return to the hood when I get one, and otherwise I will be focusing on Hapy again. Thanks, as always, for following along-

Enter ToyoTruck

Super long post today, and I still didn't get the project all the way done in one post. I did get most of the way, though, and I'll wrap it up next time. For today, I'll hit some background first, and then get into the adventure with this new-to-us truck. Since this started on Christmas 2021 and today is the first of March 2022, clearly this has been quite a saga. At the rate this is progressing, it will be competed mid-Summer.

Background - the setup

example image

When C returned for winter break from University, he left his car ('09 Subie) on campus. He needed a car while he was home so he could get to work, but we have a significantly reduced the operable fleet (sold Flash, sold K'Lack). So, we borrowed-as-a-prelude-to-buy Boo's sister Rose's Toyota Tacoma X-Runner. I am referring it ToyoTruck for now, though the interweb folks often call these "taco's". I suspect it will get a better name when it presents iteself. Rose has an older Ford truck that is getting a new engine swapped in, so this Toyota was kind of extra anyway. Clearly, having extra cars around is a family thing for us, and with the rehab we plan on doing on this house, having a pickup readily available for supply runs will be valuable. Anyway, C arrived home a few days before Christmas, just in time for some radical winter weather. We got snow, and ice, and more snow, some sleet, and melting followed by freezing. It was a full-blown winter stew. We let C use Boo's '09 Audi A4 (all wheel drive, newer M&S tires, etc) while Boo drove ToyoTruck. ToyoTruck is rear-wheel drive with mostly-worn-down summer highway tires. That would have been fine if it weren't for the winter weather. With Boo's new schedule, she has to report by 7:AM, which means leaving well before dawn, and right about at the overnight low temperature. This lead to a Christmas morning (yes, she worked Christmas morning) sliding-on-the-ice scenario which ended with the truck smacking a pole. The passenger fender, the bumper cover, passenger headlight, passenger fog light, the leading corner of the hood and some assorted little bits all were affected by the very low speed impact. The damage seemed minimal enough that Boo continued on to work. It wasn't until the next day that we got to access the damage in the daylight.

How Does that Insurance Commercial Go Again?

after post-smack

In the daylight, it looked pretty twisted, but it is mostly surface damage. I took a bunch of pictures and we tried to get a claim going with our insurance company. Turns out that insurance goes with the car, not the driver, so we needed to use Rose's insurance. We learned this while we were getting bids (~$5k) on the work. This is where insurance got interesting: even though Rose told Allstate she wanted "full coverage" the agent pulled a massive boner and failed to include collision (pays for damage to your car). How that meets the definition of "full coverage", I don't know, but I swear this feels like one of their ads... where they say the competitor will leave you hanging with a tagline like "if you don't have Allstate...". It appears that the Allstate ad is actually self-describing. Maybe their ad should be more like "if you let our agents do it, you're gonna get screwed". So, to sum this up: we borrowed a truck, slid into a pole causing ~$5k worth of damage and there's no insurance to fix it. Happy Christmas.

Paulie: Bodyman

Fast Times Camaro

To resolve, I tried my best Spicoli imitation: "Relax, all right? My old man is a television repairman, he's got this ultimate set of tools. I can fix it." Of course, the next scene in that movie (Fast Times at Ridgemont High) has that car, unrepaired, but tagged with Ridgemont sucks / Lincoln rules spray-paint. Instead of that, I'm actually going to repair it. I took the itemized bid and ordered all of the parts the body shop said needed to be replaced from CarParts.com. This cost about $1300US delivered. The bid had the parts for around $2k, so we are already ahead in the game. I will simply remove and install the parts I received, and hope I discover nothing else is wrong. The labor for the body panel removal/replacement was $900US. So, if I can get the truck back into one piece, I will have saved over half the bid. At $900US, using my usual price for my labor ($50/hr for simple math), I break even at 18 hours. On its surface, I think I can get way under that. I had a great experience with CarParts.com, by the way. The bumper cover was wrapped in thick plastic wrap inside a huge box and the fender was made-in-Taiwan steel double-wrapped in custom cardboard protecting it plus packing material between the wrapped fender and the box sides. The packaging of the headlights was equally protective. Some of the shipping, however, was spotty. We can credit GLS for losing and then claiming delivery of almost half the order. Ultimately, they got the parts to me, 2 weeks after they said they were delivered. That final delivery was curious in that the box appeared without a text nor email update, though I had been set up for both. Sneakily done, GLS.

 

Finally, with all the parts I had ordered in my garage, I was ready to get started. I had finally gotten the 2016 Sprinter seats installed into Hapy (See Hapy Seating Part 2), so I could shuffle vehicles around. Hapy went back into the driveway and ToyoTruck moved under the canopy so I can work out of the rain.

Body Panel Removals

2 replacement bits in

I started by removing the front grill, fog lights and bumper cover. Then, I pulled the headlights and removed the fender, leaving the hood for last. The grill is held to the top of the radiator support with 3 Phillips screws across the top. Down below, the electrical plugs for the fog lights are simple tab-lock plugs. Since I am replacing the fog-lights with the bumper, I left the old lights in the old bumper. For reference, just press the tabs and they wiggle out. With the plugs out, the fog lights can push through the bumper (after pressing inwards on the plastic retaining tabs). The bumper cover is held on with plastic push-on tabs across the top as well as a few from underneath. These pop free with a slotted screwdriver. Since they are 15+ years old, they will often fail on removal. There are also a few 10mm screws as well, all from below. The ends of the bumper cover tie into the inner wheel well plastic, but eventually, once the last fastener is free, the bumper just wiggles free.

I next removed the under-headlight trim bits. There is a small plastic push-on thing, like the ones that held the bumper cover, on the inside that attaches the trim bit to the headlight, but the rest of it just clicks into place... or out of place. The headlights are held in place with long Phillips-head bolts from the top, and 2 more on the sides (one connects to the lower radiator support, the other through the side of the fender). The lights unplug, but if they are stubborn, the bulbs which are not the main beam twist out with a 90* twist. Then, the plug can be wrestled free. The last big thing to remove is the fender itself. There are obvious bolts from above, but there is one hidden in the door jam near the top and one from the outside just rear of the wheel well. Of course, before final removal, the inner wheel well needs to be removed, and the antenna needs to be dealt with.

 

super-glued tabs on the flare

 

The Inevitable Annoying Bits

The antenna and the inner wheel well skin are the worst part of this parts exchange. The antenna had become heavily oxidized and corroded, completely freezing the top nut. I ultimately broke-off the lower antenna mast so I could continue and ordered a top-to-bottom replacement, adding another $140US to the parts costs. Even on my garage floor, I was unable to separate the antenna bit from the bent fender.

The plastic inner wheel well is held in place by ribbed plastic clips along the inner edge and in a couple spots in the middle. Along the outer edge of the fender, the fender, the inner wheel well and the outer faring (flare) are held together with Phillips/10mm screws. When the truck hit the pole, the 3 top mount points along the outer faring / flare all broke. I did not realize that until I was removing things. Rather than order a replacement ($130US plus delivery), I collected the mounting ears and super-glued them back onto the flare as shown in the picture. Once the superglue had set up, the tabs did not wiggle. Since they broke off so cleanly, I could see their original pitch. So, I simply matched that and held the tabs for a 15 count as the glue set.

With the big parts out of the way, we can see where the little bits that Beaverton Auto Body suggested replacing. There is a small plastic bit that looks like a tiny fist with the hole in it that is Phillips-screwed to the fender. This holds the edge of the bumper in the right spot relative to the fender. There are 2 long thin brackets which support the top and bottom of the bumper cover (and lower leading edge of the fender) which were definitely tweaked. The small triangular bit that attaches to the passenger-side front (front is front) of the radiator support, extends forward to the other end of the long thin bracket, had a subtle twist to it. All of these attach with 10mm bolts, and you can see them installed in the picture above captioned "2 replacement bits in". They are the ones with big white labels.

Start Re-Assembly

windshield washer lines pre-removal

I started with the small bits: the triangular bracket first, and then the support bracket on the passenger side. I decided that the driver side bracket was untouched by the accident, so replacement was unnecessary. I swapped out the driver-side headlight next, re-using the original under-headlight trim bit since it was undamaged. Then, I tackled the fender. It is surprising how much faster install can be when you know where the fasteners go. I started with the 2 most difficult: the one on the bottom, heading straight in from the outside, and the one from inside the door. The bottom bolt is really only difficult because of all the extra lower body trim that appears on the XRunner needs to be loosened and held out of the way. I fear that I will need to completely remove all of the panels on that side because of all the dirt and sand I found in there when I took it apart. That dirt/sand may prevent a clean, tight install. Anyway, with the hard bolts in, I ran the bolts in along the top edge and then the front pair into the new bracket. I am not thrilled with the gap along the hood, but I will concern myself with that once the new hood goes on. It is possible that the hood got tweaked beyond just the small dent in the front corner.

After the fender, I installed the passenger-side headlight and the replacement under-trim. Other than cannibalize plastic fasteners from the bent and broken old body panels, this was as far as I could get at this point. I ordered a set of plastic snap-fasteners, but they had not arrived yet. Also, I had not planned for the antenna, so I could not completely button-up the fender and wheel well anyway. Yes, I could have stopped the post here...

The Hood

only disconnect needed

I was able to source everything, except the hood, from CarParts.com. For the hood, I turned to eBay, and got burned with a hood that arrived with a dent. My cursory inspection upon delivery did not detect that the passenger side had a couple of bashes in it under the cardboard wrap. I had checked the other 3 sides, so lesson learned here: completely unwrap the entire thing before you sign. I didn't know the pair of dents were there until I went to install it after installing the inner wheel skin down below, sadly. So, if I want a clean hood, I will order, pay, wait for and move-bits onto a second hood. FFS. Of course, with the supply chain issues around the world, there is a very small set of these hoods in the western US. In fact, according to the local Toyota dealer, there aren't any.

 

Obviously, the hood is held to the truck by 2 large hinges. Additionally, the windshield washer nozzles are in the hood. There are a few other things to transfer to the new hood, so I simply disconnected the washer hose and removed the bolts to free the hood. Then, I set the old hood next to the new hood in my garage. Piece by piece, with the puppy (Tuukka) watching, I moved the washer nozzles, bits of hose, the sealing rubber bits and the front rubber feet. Those feet are pretty interesting: they are solid rubber and thread in. You set the height of the closed hood by turning them clock or anti-clock wise. Very clever design.

 

There is a sealing strip that runs along the rear edge of the hood, held on by little plastic fasteners. I was able to free them without damaging them by using a door panel removal tool. I expected the washer nozzles and hose to the the hard part, with the scoop insert to be a breeze. It was the opposite, with the hose retainer plastic bits and the washer nozzles popping off with only a little difficulty, but remaining intact for reuse. These bits are held in place by little plastic barbs that need to be pinched in for removal. I used a slotted screwdriver, working one side and then the other until each one was free.

Hood Scoop Insert

The hood scoop insert, however, has seen better days. The mounting studs all backed out of the scoop, rather than allow the nuts to back off the stud. The 2 front studs would not separate from the old hood at all, and last, during install into the new hood, it cracked. This plastic is over 15 years old, and based on the damaged paint on the top of the vehicle and the sand I found in the wheel liner, I think we can conclude that this truck lived at the beach for a while, getting salt water on it while driving on the wet sand. I suspect it was parked outside mostly, as well, further accelerating the aging of the exterior. I will accordingly reset expectations for any other exterior bits I touch going forward.

I ordered a replacement hood scoop insert (another $140US for parts), and started considering doing a complete respray of this thing once the damage has been resolved. Of course, with the way I have to keep buying parts, that respray may need to wait a while. Meanwhile, I was in a holding pattern waiting for parts... and I was looking for a hood, again. Yes, I could have stopped the post here as well.

The Bumper

dry-fitting the bumper

The bumper cover / assembly is actually 6 distinct plastic bits: the main bumper cover, of course, a decorative center piece below the grill, 2 end pieces and 2 lower valences (split in the middle). Of these parts, we damaged 3: the main cover, the passenger-side valence and passenger-side end. All of these parts are held together with these blue wedge-like plastic clips. I was able to salvage all but one (which disappeared), which tells us just how slow moving the crash was. While I waited for parts, I re-assembled the bumper bits, excluding the decorative center. I had thought that I could paint the bumper as an assembly, but, I realized that I would need to take it all apart to install the decorative bit anyway, so I will be taking this all apart to shoot it. Of course, I put all this together mentally after I had put the bumper together physically. LOLs.

Still, by having the bumper bits together, I could dry-fit the front end together. Also, this reduced a big pile of parts in my small garage, and it helped me understand what bits I could sell-off, and which I still needed. For example, I discovered that there are little rubber strips between the main bumper cover and both the lower valences and the end bits. In the upper dry-fit picture, you can see the old valences on the ground below. A keen eye could see the rubber seals on top. I will be re-claiming those rubber bits before I dispose of the broken plastic parts. As you can also see. I have not removed the protective film from the lights yet; no need to tempt fate.

More Parts Arrive...

dry-fitting with the grille

After another week of waiting, things I ordered during the tear-down / re-assembly started to appear on my doorstep. So, I got back to it, starting with the antenna.

 

The antenna arrives with a stretch of cable that's about 1/2 a meter long with a pair of mounting clips already attached. This cable passes through the side wall and the fire wall up behind the glove box, and then runs up into the A pillar where it plugs into another cable. This seems like a strange design, but it's how it is. To access everything, the glove box needs to come out and the passenger grab handle needs to come out. There are a couple of plastic retaining clips that need to be popped (the OEM replacement antenna arrives with new clips) and then it is ready for removal. I attached a string to the end of the antenna cable and pulled it out through the side wall. I moved the string from the old cable to the new and pulled the string, bringing the cable along the original path.

 

The plastic tabs were in the right spots, and they popped in. The one in the rear of the picture below was a little difficult, but only because it is in a hard-to-get-to spot. I found by getting the front edge of the clip (front is front) first, allowed me to put pressure on the rear edge with a slotted screwdriver, snapping it home. Once the cable was in, the panels were installed in the order I removed them. The leading edge of the A-pillar trim inserts into a slot on the edge of the dash (seen in picture below) while the upper end has a tab that also fits into a slot: idiot-proof. The grab handle only fits into the A-pillar trim one way, and, because of the tabs, the mounting bolts align without effort. Inside the fender, the cable has a rubber grommet to seal the pass-thru hole. The top of the lower mast is then passed up into the hole in the fender and the lower end is bolted to a mounting tab with a 10mm bolt. After all the wrestling with German over-engineering, I really like this Japanese design. I feel like the Tacoma was built with owner maintenance in mind. I finished up the antenna on top of the fender with the outer rubber bit and nut and then threaded on the upper mast.

The Inner Wheel Well

installing antenna

All I had left was the inner wheel well, but I didn't explain the assembly of the rest of the bumper. As I mentioned earlier, I assembled the bumper, but I needed the bits to mount it. This was a straight-forward matter of using the plastic snap-clips where they belonged, and using the 10mm screws where they belonged. Since I failed to take quality pictures during tear-down, this was not as smooth as it could have been. Still, it all went together, leaving the passenger side wheel well. I purchased a replacement inner skin because I saw that the original had been damaged in the accident. The new liner was an exact match, and fitting it was not as terrible as installing on the old Jettas, but it was pretty close. These plastic liner things are the absolute worst. I did the outer edge last, simply because this edge also held the flare in place and I felt trying to juggle 3 things which were not in any way attached was at least one too many. The inner edge was straightforward: set the plastic skin where it is supposed to be and slam the plastic bit through the holes. The challenge for me was getting the square holes in the skin to consistently align with the square holes in the under-body.

With the skin now held in place by a handful of plastic bits, the outer edge was easier. I started at rear bottom and worked my way up. Again, having pictures would have been helpful so I could confidently set the skin / fender / flare stack correctly. Absent that, I just considered where water would go. So, I put the inner skin "outside" the fender along the rear edge for the first 3 fasteners (block water kick-up from the tires from getting inside fender) and at a cut-out transitioned it "inside" (so water drips from above don't run under the inner skin). At this point, I attempted to mount the fender flare. The super glue repair I described above failed almost immediately, so I shifted to the hood.... at which point I discovered the dents and my progress halted again.

 

I am going to halt this post here, and pick it up in another one. This has gotten very long, matching the saga, and the truck is still not in one piece. And, again, I'm waiting for parts.

Thanks for following along and more next time-

Defrosting - Part 4

After that fun experiment, I really couldn't get myself back to sanding. So, today, I am going to talk through the electrical set up. I will eventually get back to sanding and Bondo, and more sanding and then primer... and more sanding...

12V and Grounding

routing wiring

Unlike my stereo installs, this time I started with the most basic of wiring: B+ (12V supply) and ground. For the supply-side, there was one remaining basic bladed fuse spot in the battery-top fuse location that wasn't already in use. I spliced a 12ga wire into that spot, and ran that wire along the other back-to-front wires along the passenger side. Leaving myself plenty of extra length, I stripped the end.

Then I switched over to the ground side. Again, with a 12ga wire, on one end I added a ring terminal and screwed it into the rear cross-beam where I have the radiator fans grounded. On the other end, I added a female spade connector. With these 2 wires, I tested the heater to make sure the fan would spin at different speeds based on which of the 3 male connectors was given 12V. First, of course, I added a 20A fuse into the bladed fuse spot. I felt this would work, since the heater unit worked before, but again, I probably could have tested this when the heater was freshly out of the bus and on the ground rather than waiting until it was installed, register constructed and installed, etc.

All 3 speeds work. While the fan was running I crawled out from under the bus and checked the air flow at the windscreen. I don't think the lowest speed will really be terribly useful, but the middle and upper speed should be sufficient to clear the screen, I think. Any of them will be better than the squeegee / towel method bus drivers usually use.

Control Wiring

finished view from underneath

Satisfied that the fan will work, I shifted over to how to control the fan. In my shelve of random stuff, I have about 10 meters of trailer wiring. This is a flat cable which contains 4 16ga wires. I felt that 16ga was too thin to carry the current for the middle and upper speed, but should not overheat for the lowest setting. After my findings above about the usefulness of the lowest setting, I'm not sure it will be used much anyway. So, my thought is that I will send 12V from the supply up to the fan switch through one wire and the signal for which speed will pass through the other 3:

Red - 12V
Black - low
White - mid
Green - hi

Similar to the cable I sent front-to-back for the gauges earlier, I sent this cable along the main harness, through the center belly pan and through a new hole I cut next to the other 2. I made sure this hole was fairly large (1/2-inch) so I could send a thicker control cable through that hole later. With the cable hanging on the emergency brake handle, I wired up the rear end. First, I removed about 4 inches of cable jacket so I could work with the wires individually.

To the Green and White wires in the flat cable, I attached female disconnects. I put together a pair of 12ga wires with female disconnects on either end, each wire is about 40 centimeters (15 inches) long. These will go from the relays to the fan for the mid and hi speeds. I put together a pair of 12V supply wires for the relays: each wire is about 10 centimeters (4 inches) long with a female disconnect on one end and a long (1cm) stripped end. The stripped ends were spliced together. These stripped ends were then fed into one end of a larger crimp-splice. Into the other end went the 12V source from the battery as well as the Red wire from the flat cable. I did something similar for the ground side, creating a pair of short wires that were then spliced into the ground for the heater. With all the wiring ready, it was time to plug in the relays.

Relays

these area a matched pair. Mine aren't

I was fortunate to have 2 12V automotive relays in my cache of electrical stuff. While they were both old Radio Shack relays, they were not identical so the pins had different arrangements of pins between them. Of course, my eyesight isn't that of a young man, so each pin was managed carefully. I started with the ground wires going to pin 85 and the signal wire going to pin 86. The 40cm wires connected to pin 87, with the other end going to their respective fan pin. Last, the 12V wires connected to pin 30.

These relays delivered with a mounting hole molded into the plastic housing, like the picture here. Most folks would send a screw through that hole and mount it into the body somewhere. Well, first, I guess I'm not most people and second, getting a drill up under the bus with a flat enough angle to put a hole through the crossbeam, and high enough to keep the wires up out of the air stream was simply not possible. So, instead, I ran a cable tie through, and zipped them up to one of the steel tubes running just under the floor. This held the relays up near the floor. Last, I wrapped the wiring with one of those plastic wire loom things so rather than seeing a bunch of wires hanging around, you only see one black cable.

I tested the relays before I moved on. I did that by simply jumping the 30 with the corresponding pin 86. Once the relay clicked and the fan spun up, I moved on.

Fan Switch

silver on the knob may be too shiny

With the fans all wired, I needed to put in a switch. I did not want to reuse the old vanagon rear heater switch again. I was unable to get it to mount well before, and there are so many viable alternative options out there. I went with a made-in-USA INDAK switch. These have a standard 1/4 inch shaft, but the threaded mounting shaft is slightly thicker than the standard hole in the bus dash. I had to expand the hole with a drill bit to 11mm. On the side that is buried within the dash, there are 5 pins, though I only need 4 of them. The extra one (labeled "C") is for powering a clutch or lighting a bulb to let you know the fan is on. I think we'll be able to figure out if the fan is on without a light. I wrapped that pin with heat shrink so it wouldn't accidentally short out. Of course, when I run the battery down because I forgot that the fan was on the low setting, I'll post about it. Hahaha. I checked the length of the flat cable and then added female disconnects to the 4 wires. Following the table above, I plugged in the switch.

pay no attention to the dangling wires

I ran one more set of tests to make sure the fans spun at the right speed for the various switch settings. Once satisfied, I slid the switch through the hole I had expanded earlier, threaded on the mounting nut, popped on the knob and called the electrical done. Hazah!

So, I guess that's kind of it for the defroster for now. I will improve the sourcing of the input air as well as add a control for the amount of coolant flowing into the heater core, but I don't know when I'll get to that. Frankly, the way I've been avoiding the Zed bodywork, it could start tomorrow. Hahaha...

Thanks, as always, for following along. Stay safe. Please wear your mask covering both your nose and your mouth (seriously people. that much should be obvious). A mask is not a political statement; it is to protect the people around you, whether you or they believe in CoViD-19 or not.

Defrosting - experiment

And so it continues. I think, when it comes right down to it, I don't want to do paint prep. Sanding sucks. I see why most people pay others to do this when they can. Ugh. So, I'm dodging it for another day and clowning on Hapy instead. Today, I hacked together something as an air intake for the defroster/heater. This was only an experiment, and a way to kill some time in the Summer sun.

Winter is Wet, Summer is Hot
With some nice weather settling in, I am finding pleasure in doing little things that do not involve getting super dusty from sanding. Or worse, getting super sweaty and then having sand-dust settle onto that sweat. So, instead, I did a semi-worthless effort on the heater/defroster. One of my ongoing concerns for this heater is that when I hit a puddle, the wet will hit the heater air intake and my windscreen will instantly fog up. I figured I could slap something together as an experiment to reduce that risk. So, off to the headed-to-the-dump pile I go.

Dumpster Diving, the Home Game

vent-hole end

The tipping fee at the dump seems to climb every year. They get you for, like $25US just to drive in, so we will usually queue a load and make a run to the dump once a year. This year, that pile includes an array of rusted car parts (big surprise) and a carpet cleaner that fell apart. That carpet cleaner provided me a couple of 1-1/4 inch diameter hoses to use as an air intake. I rinsed them out with the garden hose and let them dry in the sun while I figured out how to connect the hoses between the heater intake and some part of the bus.

Back to the pile. I found some 1-1/4 inch PVC pipe. This pipe fit perfectly inside the hoses, so I had the makings of hose bib's. I cut 4 3-inch lengths, and put the rest back in the dump pile. Why 4? Because I will use the hoses in parallel. Why? Because the air intake side of the Vanagon rear seat heater is designed such that one of the coolant lines runs straight across the intake. Back when I had this unit on the luxury battery tray I had added a flange to attach a 4" dryer vent hose, but I didn't have any dryer vent hose in the dump pile and I wanted to do this experiment with free stuff.

Last, I picked up the original bottom plate for the defroster heat register that I discarded in my last post about this defrost saga. I figured I could cut something up to go against the air intake out of that tin.

Hack, but Free

free supplies

The bus air system originally has a floor vent between the front seats that routes air back to the main cabin. There is a cable-controlled flap that Y's off of the main air pipe into a corregated hose. On Hapy, that hose was falling apart when I bought him, and the cable-controlled flap was rusted shut. So, I removed the hose, tapes off the openings at either end with that fancy metal HVAC tape and didn't think about it again. Until now. I thought I would try to source cabin air from that vent. The vent hole, however, is smaller than the combined 1-1/4 inch bibs. So, I cut a pair PVC pipes on an angle and super-glued the angled sides together so the narrowed end could fit into that vent hole.

On the other end, I cut up the discarded HVAC tin into a 4 inch circle with 2 1-1/4 inch holes in it that aligned with a gap between the coolant line and the edge of the flange. In an effort to just get it together, I attached the PVC pipes with glue and that metal HVAC tape. I do not expect this to last terribly long, but this was just to see if the idea was viable. Besides, this whole experiment was to get me out of sanding... No, that doesn't make sense, but don't throw logic at me. I am justifying why I'm not sanding. Anyway, I slid the hoses over the respective bibs, and now we have a means of testing whether we can motor through a puddle in cold weather and avoid fogging the windshield.

Next Time

inlet side hack

Truth-be-told, I will probably be getting some dryer venting for the house anyway, so I'll just buy a meter more than I need for the house. There is a hole in the driver-side belly pan around which I can attach a flange. I should be able to fit a hose, albeit wedged up and folded by the coolant line, onto the flange on the heater, and connect that to the flange I add to the belly pan. Regardless, this was a fun experiment, and kept my hands and brain busy on an otherwise lazy summer Saturday during the CoVid-19 safer-at-home period.

Thanks for following along. I might do something more constructive next time I avoid sanding. Or, I'll actually do the sanding and my next post will be about an old trip or the threat to humanity currently occupying the white house or maybe (shock!) I'll actually post about sanding. Nah, that would not be interesting reading. Stay safe, stay physically distant and please consider that you wear a mask to protect others regardless of their politics. Or yours.

Defrosting - Part 3

I have spent the better part of my free time over the last several weeks sanding and hammering on the Zed. If you do that long enough, eventually you need a break, to focus on something else. Otherwise, you'll lose interest in the job, or maybe working on cars in general, and find yourself taking a few weeks off, like I did last winter when I did the TDI retrospectives. I just didn't feel like working on my cars and the weather was crappy, so motivation was at a premium. Anyway, today's post collects together the bits and pieces of hours I've spent taking a break from the sanding to move one little step forward on Hapy's defroster.

Model First

model from p-side rear

One thing I've learned along the way is to model what you want to build before you built it. With the speakerbox I built for Oliver (the MGB), I built a box out of cardboard first, That allowed me to really understand how it could fit before I started cutting MDF. I did the same thing for the heat register in Hapy when I did the parking heater. So, it should come as no surprise that I built a model of the defroster register with cardboard before starting in on the zinc-coated steel.

This had some aspects that were similar to the parking heater register: I needed to connect a round inlet/outlet with a rectangular inlet/outlet. That is about where the similarity ended, though. The space I had available, and the means of accessing that space made the design of this register quite different.

Piecing It Together

model from d-side rear

I started with a top-plate that matched the 9" wide heater, with 2 partial sides that dropped about 3 inches on each side. This is a simple rectangle with 2 90* bends. For the bottom I tried a trapezoid shape, with a large rectangle in the center, aligning the 9" bottom of the heater with the bottom of the front cross-support bottom. The sides are triangles that bend upwards, overlapping with the 2 sides dropping from the top. These two pieces would be held together with sheet metal screws, and the seams taped with the same contractor-grade metal HVAC tape. This shape is obvious, but it does not route the air towards the round hole. It just compresses the air from a 9" by 6" rectangle to a 9" by 3" rectangle. I figured there would probably be significant air turbulence, reducing the actual air-flow down the pipe to the floor or windscreen.

To reduce the turbulence, and improve the air flow, I added 2 trapezoid-shaped angled sides. Three straight sections were parallel to the heater face and the cross-beam as well as along the top. The one the angled side runs along the bottom from the lower edge of the heater to the lower edge of the cross-beam, just to the side of the round hole. Now, this still wasn't perfect, since the register now ends in a square, around the round hole. I figured this was the best amateur register I could come up with.

Install Planning

nutria and ducks in harmony

Finishing the model took many trips under the bus, fitting and then sliding back out to trim or add material (blue tape). Once I had the piece constructed so I could fit it into place, I needed to figure out how to install it such that I could assemble it in-situ, but could disassemble it and remove it when necessary. Note I didn't say "if"; it's wise to assume that you will need to undo something or you are just making life difficult for your future you.

The top plate was fairly straight forward. It could go in independently, simply by tipping the front (front is front) downward and sliding the rear edge up and over the top of the heater, rotating the front into place and then settling the plate down. The bottom was similarly easy, just offer it up. The challenge was with the angled side-runs.

I had considered pop-riveting the side-runs to the top in-place. This would have been difficult to undo for removal, so I planned on sheet metal screws instead. The side-runs got extra tabs along the top and bottom through which I drilled a pair of holes in each. These holes aligned to holes in the top and bottom so I could screw the side plates first into the top and then into the bottom.

Build and Fit

model to tin

Once I had it all working with a cardboard model, I transferred the lines to the zinc-coated HVAC sheet metal and cut the lines with tin-snips. As could be expected, the lines weren't perfect and some additional fitting was necessary. In fact, I abandoned large parts of the model entirely to get it to fit. First, getting the angled sides to fit in-situ with screws was simply not going to happen. Second, and more important, the cardboard model had flex to it that belied the fit. So, I abandoned the screws and held the sides to the top with that really good metal HVAC tape on both sides. I also used this tape to hold the front of the top section to the cross-beam.

Then, the real fun began. The bottom plate did not fit; at least not on the passenger side. I am not sure how, but the passenger side ended up about 25mm too long. It was just off. Again, I credit the flexibility of the cardboard during the modelling. Boo had asked why I had retained the fuller size of the bottom, stretching all the way across the whole span, when the sides really abbreviated how much I would really need. This is why working in groups is so powerful. Taking her advice, I modeled a new trapezoid-shaped bottom out of cardboard that would fit between the sides, front and back. I transferred to the flashing a cardboard cut up of a new bottom. Again, I used the metal HVAC tape to attach the sides to the bottom as well as the front and back. While this isn't as "perfect", the goal will still be met: air flow from heater/defroster will route into the original air pipe. With careful use of tape, I was able to have only the silver part of the tape visible from the sides.

When I can't take the body-work any longer, I will look into running the wiring and switch for the defroster fan. I'll post when I get to it. I did test the register by running a fused 12V source to the heater unit (and grounding the heater). The register had a couple small leaks that were easily fixed with more metal HVAC tape. That stuff is magical.
Thanks, as always, for following along--

Defrosting - Part 2

First, happy belated Summer Solstice. Our annual pilgrimage to Bend for 4Peaks which usually coincides with Summer Solstice and Father's Day was thwarted by CoViD this year. So, we are taking the side-lining as an opportunity to fix or upgrade things on the bus that are just too hard to do in the cold and rain. It seems with every improvement, I discover 2 more opportunities. Today (hopefully) begins the end of the defrost epic. In my last post about the defroster, I provided background. Today, I get started on the plan I described.

Tear Down
While I had disconnected the electrical from the Vanagon rear heater a while back, the coolant lines were still hooked up. So, my first step to removing it was unhooking those hoses. The clamps are easy enough to loosen with a Phillips screwdriver, and I was able to back the hoses off the barbs with a slotted screwdriver. With each one, I quickly moved the hose end into a clean bucket to catch the coolant. Once the lines and the heater were drained, I could extricate the heater unit from the shelf. With all of the wires and cables, this took a few minutes, and the resulting empty shelf doesn't look much better. Quite the contrary, actually, but, it does create a much better space for me to re-arrange the wiring one day. Yeay, more work.

Defroster Placement

valve shown closed

With the Vanagon rear heater in-hand, I could try out some ideas for how to fit it under the bus. The radiator sits just in front of the rear cross-beam, leaving a little over a foot between the front edge and the front cross beam. It is into this small window that the heater will fit. I held it up and thought about my options. If held right-side up with the front edge of the heater parallel to the cross beams, the coolant barbs would be facing rearward on the passenger side and the mounting tabs would be on the bottom. There looked to be enough space in front for a cowling or register to be put so the approximately 9" by 6" rectangular box could winnow down to the 3" diameter circle of the old air channel. The angles would be kind of sharp, but the air flow would be direct.

If the heater unit was turned sideways, the barbs would face the driver side. The air would need to make a hard left and it didn't look like there would be much space. So, I rejected that orientation.

I tried flipping the heater upside down, back in the parallel-to-the-front-beam position. Like this, the barbs were still on the driver side, but facing rearward. Since the coolant lines leaving the engine were also on the driver side, this was preferable. The drawback to this set up is that the bleeder screw is on the bottom, not the top. So, getting the air out of the system could be more difficult. In contrast, though, the mounting tabs were now on the top, so any attachment would be greatly simplified. The simple attachment won the decision. In this orientation, the valve for allowing / preventing coolant into the heater core was also on the driver side, sliding forward and aft for open and closed (respectively).

Defroster Mounting

safety hole drilled

Before I could consider routing coolant and air, the rear heater needed to be attached. The mount holes are exactly 7" apart. So, I found the centerpoint in the air pipe and measured 3-1/2" out from each. I aligned the heater on those lines and pushed it as far rearward as I could before it touched the debris-grill on the radiator. My thought was that the more gentle the angles in the air register, the more easily air would flow into the old pipe. As is, the front of the heater is about 4" back from the front cross-beam. Once the spots were marked, I drilled 2 holes through the floor. Through these holes, I sent a pair of 2" long bolts. From below, I nutted down against the floor with a pair of nuts, then added another pair less than 1/2" from the ends. I slid the heater unit onto the bolts and then nutted it down with another pair of nuts. So, that's bolt head | floor | nut - some space - nut | heater | nut. I put some threadlock on the bolts. Before I added the heater, I set an extra (safety) hole through the mounting tabs. Through this hole I sent a cable-tie, and then looped each side up to the pipe that the transmission shifter runs through. I figured that if the nuts found some way to work themselves free, the cable ties would hold the heater until I discovered and fixed it. Figure, the likelihood of both nuts coming loose and both cable-ties breaking before I realize something's up is fairly remote.

Get Hosed

"defroster unit" installed

From the engine to the Vanagon rear heater / bus defroster is a stretch of a little less than 8 feet. From the prior install, I have 1 meter lengths of 5/8" hose attached to the outlet and inlets, draped into a bucket of shallow coolant. I did a little research and learned that the Vanagon had 5/8" hoses, but there was a section of hose or pipe through the firewall that was only 1/2". There is also a restrictor of some kind that reduces the coolant flow to the rear heater. The theory is that if the rear and front heater units present the same diameter, the coolant will take the shorter path (rear heater), leaving the front of the Vanagon wanting. Well, we don't need the restrictor, but we can use the 1/2" pipe concept. I figure if the original can handle the smaller pipe, and deliver coolant without a pressure issue, we can use the smaller diameter pipe, potentially getting the coolant to the defroster faster. Maybe it will stay that little bit warmer. Ultimately, I had 1/2" pipe and I didn't have 5/8" pipe, so maybe I'm just back-justifying.

pipes in, hoses started

Aaanyway, I cut 2 33" lengths of 1/2" aluminum pipe, wrapped them with pipe insulation and mounted them to the underside of the driver-side belly pan, at least 6" inboard of the diesel heater exhaust. For mounts, I used 1/2" pipe hangers threaded into the bottom of the pan with long Phillips head sheet metal screws. Onto each end of the 1/2" aluminum pipes, I added a short stretch of 1/2" hose, and then a 1/2" -to- 5/8" reducer. At the rear-end (front is front), I attached the 5/8" hoses that were hanging in the bucket, previously used to route coolant from the engine to the heater. At the front end, I ran a stretch of 5/8" from the engine-outlet side to the lower barb, and the upper barb to the engine-inlet side. My thinking was that if there were an air bubble, it would be forced through and back to the engine... or at least down to the bleeder screw. On that, I have been considering how to thread in a short stretch of hose into the bleeder threads in thinking that I could raise the other end above the heater core for bleeding. I haven't pieced that all together yet.

I'll stop here for now. I did fill the system with coolant, opening the various bleeders along the way. I burped out air and then ran the engine for a while trying to get any other air out. We'll see how effective I was. As is, Hapy is drive-able again, with a completely closed cooling system. Next, I need to tackle the register, connecting the heater to the air duct and then wiring up the fan.

As we get deeper into the summer, this project seems less important, but fall feels right around the corner. If we ever get to see live music again, or simply camp in a State Park, having a means of clearing the windscreen hasn't a season here in the Pacific Northwest where the dew point is usually only a few degrees away.

Thanks, as always, for following along. You don't need to believe in CoViD-19 to catch it; you just need to be careless, or be around others who are. Please continue to wear a mask, wash your hands and practice physical distancing for the better health of those around you--

Defrosting - Part 1

No, this post isn't about how to remove frosting from a cupcake or the like. Today's post (and, knowing me, the next several) is a return to the seemingly never-ending effort to clear the windscreen on the old VW bus.

Modern Set-Up

It probably makes sense to start at the beginning. Most folks who drive modern cars do not realize how spoiled they are. The engine is sitting right in front of you, and it is water-cooled, providing a great source for warm air. The defroster system has relatively short hoses to move that coolant from the engine to the heater core inside the little plastic chamber (like the one pictured to the right here) below the windscreen. The heater core is controlled with short cables or little motors controlled from the dash, routing air through short channels into the cabin or up onto the windshield. In my more modern cars, I can push a button and fire up the air conditioner (A/C) and speed up the defrost even faster. You probably knew all that, but still it is important to have that context. One last little bit worth mentioning: the source of the outside air is usually right in front of the windshield up on top. This gives the highest probability of fresh air.

Original VW Bus Set-Up

from JBugs of a Beetle but you get
the basic idea

The bus is not at all like the modern car I just described. We start with the obvious: the engine is in the back and it is air-cooled. Back when these buses were new and before owners got their hands on them, the design of the heat/defrost system was relatively simple. The air cooled engine produces lots of heat, especially off the exhaust manifolds. This is a heat source for all cars, frankly, but the German engineers latched onto the exhaust manifolds for the cabin heat source. They did so by wrapping big metal sheets around the exhaust manifolds and called them "heater boxes". Air was driven through these heater boxes by the engine fan when the engine was running fast enough. Alternatively, there was a "booster" blower fan when the engine was not fast enough. The air was forced from the very rear of the bus through these boxes to a pair of controllers (one on each side) that were activated by a cable adjusted on the dashboard with a pair of levers (one lever per cable). From the controllers, corrugated tubes connected to a "Y" joint, then to a long central pipe up the center of the bus to the front. This picture on the right here shows a slightly different story for the Beetle, but the concept is very similar. At the bus driver's right foot there is a lever which directs the air either to the floor register or up to the windshield.

When it was originally constructed, I imagine that it worked quite well. Unfortunately for many bus owners this system is not typically well maintained. Parts are removed for "performance" reasons (heater boxes are often sacrificed), they deteriorate and fall off (corrugated tubes or air hoses from blower fan) or they just fail (cables). Often the various parts of the system do not connect together as well as they did originally, creating gaps. So, by the time a bus reached even 25 years old, many drivers would not get warm air when they manipulate the levers. Personally, the best I ever got was semi-warm oily-smelling damp air drifting thru the vent with zero urgency. Ultimately, my defroster was a squeegee and a towel I kept between the front seats. When it was cold, I would also keep an ice scraper.

There are many posts and threads about how to restore or improve these systems. The best advice is to start at the back and work your way forward, making sure everything is the way it is intended. Replace the seals, adjust the cables, lubricate the moving parts, etc.

Add-on Blowers

Atwood bilge blower

Years ago, I read a piece suggesting the addition of a 12V bilge blower to the mix of parts. The idea was that if you boosted the CFM, with a fan in the middle that you would get better performance. I found that the bilge blower just increased the rate at which the damp semi-warm oily smelling air appeared at my windshield, ultimately increasing the fog, rather than reducing it. At it's peak, I was able to reduce the damp (by letting the engine get super warm), but there was no way to prevent a flash-fog while driving in the rain and hitting a puddle. Also, no matter how long I ran the engine, once it was cold enough for ice to form, the bus could never get warm enough to keep ice from forming on the inside of the windshield. Now, this could in part be because of door and window seals, but even sitting still, with the bilge blower running with a hot engine the best I could do was hold the ice at bay.

So, I added a "parking heater". No, not like the one I just installed (here). This was a super small electric-coil based home space heater that I left plugged into the AC outlet inside the bus, under the rock-n-roll bed. When I was parked at home, I would run an extension cord under the garage door and plug it into the bus. An hour before I had to drive somewhere, I'd plug in the garage-end and pre-warm the bus. This worked for the morning drive to the mass transit parking lot, but the drive home was still quite cold. Icy windscreen at worst, foggy (queue squeegee/towel combo) most of the non-Summer months.

To help remedy the cold windshield, I got one of those accessory-plug fan things like in the picture here. For the drive home from the transit lot, I would point that thing at the windshield right in front of me. If I stayed at or below 25mph, I could keep a small circle in the center of the windshield clear enough for me to take the backroads home without having to resort to wiping the windshield with a towel. Needless to say, this was not exactly safe nor workable for the long term especially since I had to drive with one hand holding the thing, moving it around to make a big enough circle to see through.

First Defrost with TDI
When I did the TDI conversion, I thought "well, I'm finally gonna have some heat". 10 years later, my first defroster attempt was okay, but it still lacked. When my ignition melted a couple of years ago (See 4Peaks 2018 - Road Report), I thought maybe the fan set up was part of the problem so I ripped the electrical part out. Still, for perspective, it is worth describing what it was.

I bought a used Vanagon rear heater locally in Portland for, like, $20. I set it on the driver-side auxiliary battery tray (left side) and added lengths of 5/8" hose from the heater to the appropriate in/outlets on the TDI. I fab'd a register that fit onto the front of the heater that routed air into a 3" diameter insulated air hose (from McMaster-Carr) which then ran up over the driver axle and up to the front of the bus along the driver-side of the radiator. Just in front of the radiator, I connected it to the original air system. I took the original Vanagon rear-heater fan control and popped it into the dash. I was able to get reasonable heat, but rainy weather continued to be an instant-fog issue. And, the air source was less than a meter from the exhaust pipe, so, when we were sitting still at a traffic light, we would get a nice lung-full of diesel exhaust unless I remembered to turn off the fans when we were decelerating. Considering how it was with the air-cooled engine, this was still leaps ahead. From oily, semi-warm drifting air to warm diesel-exhaust moving with purpose, it was a definite improvement. Now, that the cooling issues have been solved, I can focus on restoring, or rather, improving this system.

That was a lot of context, and not hardly any content. I know. So, I'll spill my plan today, and then next time I'll start on the work. I am going to move the Vanagon rear heater from the auxiliary battery tray under the bus just in front of the radiator. I will route the air through a different custom register into the old air system. Coolant will be plumbed, electrical will be run and eventually a cable to control the coolant flow will be added. I hope. Maybe I'll figure out a way to source intake air so it's not all exhausty nor damp. Big plans. As always, I'm sure I'll have lots of errors and discoveries along the way. I'll do my best to document it as I go.

That's it for today. Thanks, as always for following along--